Pipe section



29 1933- J. E TRAINER A$24,966

' PIPE SECTION Filedpril 11'. 1935 s sheets-sneet 1 ATTORNEY Aug. 29,1933.

v.L E. TRAINER PIPE SECTION Filed`April 11, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 2INVENTOR I Jamesf. Tra/mer B lfwcuu.

ATrORNEY All@ 29, 1933- J. E. TRAINER 1'24,966

PIPE SECTION Filed`April 11. 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Figi-6 ./2

INVENTOR James E Famer BYER.

ATTOR N EY Patented Aug. 29, 1933 PIPE SECTION l James E. Trainer,Fairlawn, Ohio, assignor to The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Newark, N. J.,a corporation of New Jersey Application April 11, 1933. Serial No.665,471

.,8Claims.

This invention relates to the supporting, stiiiening, and sustaining ofconduits or penstocks of large diameter. V Y

In conduits or pensto'cks of such diameter as, for instance feet, and ofthe type to he used at the Boulder Canyon Project, United StatesDepertinent of the Interior, Bureau oi Reclamation, the conduit orpenstock is built up of contiguous sections of cylindrical form, eachsection being 24 i'eet long with a wall thickness of approximately 3inch steel, the total 24 foot section weighing in the neighborhood of300,000 pounds and subjected to internal iiuid pressure of over 300pounds. v

In connection with such construction as is above mentioned, it will beappreciated that line or plane localization of any stresses resultingfrom internal pressure, beam effect, or tendency oi the conduit tobecome oval in shape afford a location or locations at which the factoroi' safety must be far beyond that which would be required at otherpoints in the conduit.

An object oi the present invention is to so relate supporting,sustaining and stiii'ening means with respect to the conduit so thatinstead of line or plane localisations of such stresses there is anappreciable unit of area over which the same are distributed as comparedwith the usual method ci simply circumscribing the conduit or penstockwith a reinforcing band.

In the present invention an object is to distribute the iixed toeliminate localization oi the same, and to more particularly produce atransition zone o! gradually increasing thickness from minimum tomaximumwithout incorporating any abrupt change inwall thickness which `wouldhave the eti'ect of inherently localizing the stress eilects withoutprovision for distribution over an appreciable unit area.

In addition, the invention contemplates a composite conduit oi' joinedcylindrical sections, preferably welded, forming an integral whole insuch a manner that there is interposed at intervals throughout the wholeand at locations best adapted for supporting. sustaining and stilleningthe whole, sections which vary in wall thickness with respect to themajor portion ofthe conduit and produce a. gradual zone of transitionfrom minimum to maximum wall thickness circumierentially or from minimumto maxlinum to minimum.

In the acompmlyins drawings there is illustrated, somewhatdiagrammatically, a method and means oi carrying the present inventioninto In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an end view in section showing a plan of a conduit at asupported location. Y

Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation showing the 'conduit or penstock inplace'within the tunnel 30 with the use of stiiiener rings betweensupported points.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section ot a portion of a conduit or penstcckincorporating the stil!- ener ring according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional View showing the method oi constructingand incorporating the supporting or stiiening rings in the conduit orpenstock.

Fig. 5 is a similar view showing one method 7o formerly used. y

Fig. 6 is a viewsimilar to Fig. 3, but at the supporting locationdisclosed in Figs. l and 2.

A represents a concrete lined tunnel housing; a large diameter conduitorpenstock B is supported at spaced intervals C and D, these being xedpoints between which, if otherwise unstii'lened or not supported, therewould be a tendency o! the conduit to i'orm a catenary resulting in 80tension and compression stresses throughout the intermediate portion;while at the supported locations there would be a reversal of thesestresses they would still, nevertheless, be present due to the beameiiect or iulcrum eect at the supporting locations;

To take care of these stresses without having to incorporate in theconduit wall a thickness adequateto otherwise compensate for the factorof safety required, it is proposed to locate between the xed supportingpoints C and D 'a numberotauxiliary or supplementary supportinglocations E.

Ordinarily, and in the original speclilcation #534 o! the Boulder CanyonProject there was incorporated in plates 24403--D-1765 and 2442345D1785designs and suggestions for stiil'ener rings on the supporting sectionswhich contemplate clrcumscribing bands with abrupt edges and having athickness approximately equallng that of the plate, as indicated in Fig.5 hereof.

With such a construction it is obvious that the tension and/orcompression and/or internal pressure would localize the in a plane. orin planes FF and GG asindlcated inFlg. 5 producing, in etlect, the samecharacter of .w in the conduit structure es a whole. at vtheselocations, as would be caused by a deliberate notchma o: me conduit attime locations and. in addiu ency to deform and rupture is localized inthe` planes FF and GG. I

In the present invention, there is shown, incorporated between thenormal sections of the conduit or penstock, and welded as indicated at 5and`6, a stiifener section 7 having its thickest portion at the centerperiphery thereof and tapering down at its edges to the thickness of theconduit wall B. Welded to the thickest portionv as indicated at 8 is aflange 9 surmounted by a ring 10.

From theY foregoing it will be observed that if such sections as areillustrated in Fig. 4 are vincorporated at spaced intervals as anintegral part of the conduit or penstock, the result is that stresses ofthe character mentioned, instead of being localized in planes FF and GGas pointed out in connection with Fig. 5, are distributed lineally alongthe length of this incorporated thickened section and which isproportioned to easily take care of stresses and strains without unduethickness of metal or labor incident to applying a separate constrictingband.

In building up the conduit or penstock such a stiifener is incorporatedat the supporting point H and is used in connection with dished rings Iresting against members 11 at opposite sides of the joint and bearing onplates 12 incorporated Y in the concrete, such rings serving as loadcarrying supports while between` these supports there` are locatedstiifeningsections such as vshown in Fig. 3, and one of which is moreminutely described in connection with Fig. 4 and which, for

A approximately half its circumference, may rest upon a bearing plate13in a concrete pier 14.

It will be observed from the foregoing that once the section shown inFigs. 3 and 4 is incorporated in the conduit or penstock it becomes anintegral part thereof eliminating weaknesses due to suddenness of stressvariations by eliminating abrupt changes in thickness and carrying thestresses and throughout a relatively large area. Also the stiffenersection is of sumcient lineal dimension to ca'rry the welds 5 and 6beyoud-the area of imposed stress; this further increases the eiilciencyand desirability of this in'- vention over the' type of stiifener andsupporting member disclod in Fig. 5.

From the foregoing it will also be obvious that the invention is equallyapplicable to the stiftening or supporting of large tanks`where thereare bending stresses, or internal stresses or both'.

While in the foregoing. I have described a specific embodiment ofstii'fener ring it will, nevertheless, be clear that departurestherefrom may be made without avoiding the intent and scope of theappended claims defining the invention. what I claim is:

1. A conduit comprising two parts, and an insert secured therebetweenand constituting a part of the conduit, said insert conforming on theinside of the conduit tothe uniform contour of the inner'wall of theconduit and graduated in thicknessfrom its joints with the conduit partstoward a midsection, the maximum thickness thereof being at themid-section.

2. A conduit comprising two parts and an 4insert secured therebetweenand constituting a part of the conduit, said insert conforming on theinside of the conduitto the uniform contour of the inner wall of theconduit and graduated in thickness from the thickness of the walls ofthe conduit parts to a maximum thickness at a midsection, the metal onopposite sides of the aforesaid mid-section being uniformly distributedto produce symmetrical sides.

3. A conduit comprising annular parts and an inserted ring joining thesame, said ring having a 'wall thickness at the joints uniform with thewall thickness of the parts and graduated in thickness from the jointoward a mid-secton thereof having a maxim thickness.

4. A conduit comprising two annular parts and an inserted ring joiningthe same, said ring presenting an interior surface corresponding incrosssection with the cross-section of the interior surface of the partsjoined, and having its end walls of uniform thickness with-the wallthickness of the parts joined and graduated in thickness from its endwalls toward a mid-section of maximum thickness, the ring and partsbeing welded together at their junctures.

5. A conduit comprising two parts, and an insert therebetween andconstituting a part of the conduit, said insert conforming on the insideof the conduit to the uniform contour of the inner wall of the conduitand graduated in wall thiekness substantially from its joints with theparts toward an intermediate section of maximum wall thickness.

6. A supported conduit comprising two parts, and an insert therebetweenand constituting a part of the conduit, said insert conforming on theinside of the conduit to the uniform contour of the inner wall of theconduit and graduating in wall thickness substantially from its jointswith' the parts toward an intermediate section of maximum wallthickness, and a 'support for the conduit engaging the zone of maximumwall thickness. f

'1. A supported conduit comprising two parts, and an insert therebetweenand constituting a part ofV the conduit, said insert conforming on theinside of the conduit to the uniform contour of the inner wall of theconduit and graduating in wall thickness substantially from its jointswith the parts toward an intermediate section of maximum wall thickness,a member secured to the conduit at the zone of maximumV wall thickness,and a supporting rest engaging said member. 1

' 8. A conduit comprising two parts,S and an insert therebetween andconstituting a part of the conduit, said insert having its inside crosssectional configuration of the passage in a plane passing through theinsert normal to the axis of an area throughout at the most only thesame1 140 as the cross sectional area of the conduit passage ata'correspondingly disposed plane, Aand graduating in wall thicknesssubstantiallyl from its joint with the parts toward an intermediatesection of maximum wall thickness.

JAMES E. TRAINER.

DISCLAIMER 1,924,966.*James E. Trainer, FairlawnjOhio. I PIPE SEpTIoN.Patent dated August 29, 1933. Disclaimerfiled MayE 10, 193.413 ih v theassignee, The Babcock c@ Wilco Company.

Hereby enters this disclaimer therefore, to that part of said inventionset' forth" in the following claims in said Letters Patent, which partis thejoint invention of James E. Trainer and Charles M. Day, and forwhich an application for patent is on file in the United States PatentOffice: l i

. -1. A conduit comprising two parts, and an insert secured therebetweenand constituting a part of the conduit, said insert conforming on theinside of the conduit to the-'uniform contour of the inner wall of theconduit and graduated in thickness from its joint with the conduit'parts toward a mid-section, the maximum thickness thereof being at themid-section.

2. A conduit comprising two parts and an insert secured therebetween andconstituting a part of the conduit, said insert conforming on the insideof the conduit.

to the uniform contour of the inner wall of the conduit and graduated inthickness from the thickness of the walls of the conduit parts to amaximum lthickness at a mid-section, the metal on opposite sides of thelaforesaid mid-section being uniformly distributed to-producesymmetricalsides. l Y

3. A conduitcomprising annular parts and an inserted ring joining thesame, said ring having a wall thickness. at the joints uniform with thewall thickness of the parts and graduated in thickness from the jointstoward a mid-section thereof having a maximum thickness.l

' 4. A conduit comprising two annularp'arts and an inserted ring joiningthe same, said ringv presenting an interior surface corresponding incross-section with the cross-section-'of .the interior surface of thelparts joined,l and having its end walls of uniform thickness with theWall thickness of the parts joined and graduated in thickness Afrom itsend walls toward` a mid-section of maximum thickness7 the ring and partsbeing welded together at their junctures.

5. A conduit comprising two parts, and an insert therebetween andconstituting a part of the conduit, said insert conforming on the insideof the conduit to the uniform contour of the inner wall of the conduitand graduated in wall thickness substantially from its joints withtheparts toward an intermediate section of maximum wall thickness. y

6. A supported conduit comprising two parts, andan insert therebetweenand 'I constituting a part: of the conduit7 said insert conforming onthe inside of the conduit. to the uniform contour of the inner wallofthe conduit and graduating in wall thick-` 'ness substantially fromits joints with the parts toward an intermediate.' section of maximumWall thickness, and a support for the conduit engaging the zone ofmaximum Wall thickness.

7. A supported conduit comprising two parts, and ari-insert therebetweenand constituting a part of the conduit, said insert conforming on theinside of the conduit to the uniform contour of the mner wall of theconduit and graduating in wall thickness 'substantially from its jointswith the parts toward an intermediate section o'f maximum wallthickness, a member secured to the conduit `at Vthezone of maximum wallthickness', and a supporting rest engaging said member: l

8. A condult comprislng two parts and an insert therebetween andconstituting a part of thev conduit, said insert having its' insidecross-sectional configuration of the' passage 1n a plane passing throughthe insert normal to the axis of an area throughoutl at the most onlythe same as the cross-sectional` area of the conduit passage fat acorrespondingly disposed plane,.and graduating in wall thicknesssubstantiallyjfrom its joint with the parts toward an intermediatesection of maximum wall thickness.

[Qcial Gazette May 29, 1.934.]

